Vive la Différence: Paxos vs. Viewstamped Replication vs. Zab

Yet Another Visit to Paxos

This paper presents a modular introduction to crash-tolerant and Byzantine-tolerant protocols for reaching consensus that use the method introduced by the Paxos algorithm of Lamport and by the viewstamped replication algorithm of Oki and Liskov. The consensus protocol runs a sequence of epoch abstractions as governed by an epoch-change abstraction. Implementations of epoch and epoch-change that...

The Nutrition Society journals: vive la différence!

Vive la différence: males vs females in flies vs worms.

For 600 million years, the two best-understood metazoan species, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, have developed independent strategies for solving a biological problem faced by essentially all metazoans: how to generate two sexes in the proper proportions. The genetic program for sexual dimorphism has been a major focus of research in these two organis...

On Barriers and the Gap between Active and Passive Replication

Active replication is commonly built on top of the atomic broadcast primitive. Passive replication, which has been recently used in the popular ZooKeeper coordination system, can be naturally built on top of the primaryorder atomic broadcast primitive. Passive replication differs from active replication in that it requires processes to cross a barrier before they become primaries and start broa...

. L O ] 1 5 A pr 1 99 3 Vive la différence II . The Ax - Kochen isomorphism theorem

We show in §1 that the Ax-Kochen isomorphism theorem [AK] requires the continuum hypothesis. Most of the applications of this theorem are insensitive to set theoretic considerations. (A probable exception is the work of Moloney [Mo].) In §2 we give an unrelated result on cuts in models of Peano arithmetic which answers a question on the ideal structure of countable ultraproducts of Z posed in [...